Uniform and Intense Cooling During Hardening Steel in Low Concentration of Water Polymer Solutions
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
76-85
Received:
23 October 2019
Accepted:
19 November 2019
Published:
25 November 2019
Abstract: The possibility of decreasing water polymer concentration, decreasing alloy elements in steel, decreasing distortion of steel parts, and increasing service life of machine components and tools during quenching is widely discussed in this paper based on achievements of modern physics. Instead of quenching alloy steel in oils or high concentration of water polymer solutions, the accelerated quench process of optimal hardenability steel in water low concentration of inverse solubility polymers is proposed. Physics of the new approach and new technologies is explained by the author. The creation of a thin polymeric insulating layer during quenching steel in low concentration of inverse solubility polymers decreases initial heat flux density below its critical value that is reason for absence the film boiling process. Due to this fact, full film boiling during quenching is completely absent allowing use optimal hardenability steel instead of alloy steels containing costly alloy elements. Accelerated cooling provided by low concentration of water polymer solution results in creation of high surface compression residual stress, and super strengthening of material that in turn increases service life of machine components and tools. It is underlined in the paper that along with the use of a thin polymeric insulating layer, the resonance effect can be used for destroying the full film boiling process based on implementation different kinds of hydrodynamic emitters. The proposed new technology saves materials, increases service life of steel parts, and improves environment condition in heat treating industry. The patented technologies and processes can be used by engineers and scientists. and can bring great benefits if widely implemented in the practice.
Abstract: The possibility of decreasing water polymer concentration, decreasing alloy elements in steel, decreasing distortion of steel parts, and increasing service life of machine components and tools during quenching is widely discussed in this paper based on achievements of modern physics. Instead of quenching alloy steel in oils or high concentration of...
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Nitrogen Soft X-Ray Yield Optimization from UNU/ICTP PFF Plasma Focus Device
Walid Sahyouni,
Alaa Nassif
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
86-89
Received:
25 September 2019
Accepted:
5 November 2019
Published:
4 January 2020
Abstract: The aim of this research studying soft x-ray emission from United Nations University/International Centre for Theoretical Physics Plasma Fusion Facility (UNU/ICTP PFF) plasma focus device with nitrogen gas pressure changes and find the maximum value of soft x-ray yield by using the standard parameters of device and do optimization to obtain the combination of pressure and electrodes dimensions that gives the maximum value of soft x-ray yield. Many numerical experiments were carried out using Lee code and obtained the maximum value of soft x-ray yield 0.193J at pressure 1.9 Torr by using the standard parameters of device. We optimized the device and found the optimum combination of pressure and electrode dimensions (P0 = 0.5 Torr, z0 = 9 cm, a = 3.19 cm, b = 3.2 cm,) that gives the maximum value of soft x-ray yield Ysxr = 2.7 J without changing the energy of the device.
Abstract: The aim of this research studying soft x-ray emission from United Nations University/International Centre for Theoretical Physics Plasma Fusion Facility (UNU/ICTP PFF) plasma focus device with nitrogen gas pressure changes and find the maximum value of soft x-ray yield by using the standard parameters of device and do optimization to obtain the com...
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