Polyelektrolite Solutions and Molecular Descriptions of Biopolymer Macroions
Khakkulov Jakhongir Mardonovich,
Kholmuminov Abdufatto Akhatovich
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
92-94
Received:
18 August 2022
Accepted:
14 September 2022
Published:
10 January 2023
Abstract: Molecular mass characteristics of samples of ionic biopolymers, including chitosan and fibroin, the manifestation of physical conditions depending on the concentration of macroions, and hydrodynamic, rheological methods were used in the implementation of these studies. These processes depend on the fact that ionic polymers exhibit viscosity in relation to their molecular mass and are sensitive to the effects of the electric field at the expense of ionogenic groups. In order to determine this, the results of studies on the molecular characteristics of basic polymer objects were discussed. When polyelectrolytes are affected by external forces, including mechanical or electrical stresses, gradient fields are created, and macroions move along the lines of force of these fields. Such fields are observed, for example, when a liquid flows from a capillary under mechanical pressure, when the liquid is turned into a stable laminar flow using a rotor, or when ions and macroions move towards the poles (electrodes) during electrophoresis and electrolysis. In general, in the gradient field created under the influence of mechanical influence, the macroions move along the lines of force in rotation and advance, while in the gradient field created under the influence of electric voltage, the functional groups of macroions move towards the anode or cathode as anions or cations. The reason for the choice of poles is the sensitivity of anions or cations to the effect of an electric field.
Abstract: Molecular mass characteristics of samples of ionic biopolymers, including chitosan and fibroin, the manifestation of physical conditions depending on the concentration of macroions, and hydrodynamic, rheological methods were used in the implementation of these studies. These processes depend on the fact that ionic polymers exhibit viscosity in rela...
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Geospatial Analysis of Solar Energy Potentials in Niger State, Nigeria
Bashir Musa Adavuruku,
Ezenwora Joel Aghaegbunam,
Igwe Kingsley Chidozie,
Moses Abiodun Stephen
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
95-100
Received:
8 December 2022
Accepted:
26 December 2022
Published:
10 January 2023
Abstract: Solar energy has been identified as the largest renewable resource on earth, and it is more evenly distributed in Sunbelt locations than wind or biomass use. In this paper, geospatial methods were used to examine solar energy potentials in Niger State Northcentral Nigeria. Observed insolation data from Nigeria meteorological station was used over the study period 1988–2018. A Digital Elevation Map (DEM) and solar radiation of the area were used as input parameters. Slope and slope aspect were calculated using the DEM. Slope, slope aspect, and solar radiations of the study area were reclassified and weighted using a Hierarchical Analytical Process (AHP). The variability analysis was done using a standardized variable index. It was observed that the months of February, March, and April were the highest with average solar radiation of 6kWh/m2/day, while July and August, on average, had the lowest solar radiation of 4.4kWh/m2/day. The results showed the areas with moderate solar energy potential; good solar energy potential and very good solar energy potential. It was revealed that the amount of available solar power in Niger is 414.651 X 106 MWh. The study has demonstrated the potential of geospatial technology in the analysis of solar energy potentials, making it suitable for the investigation of other renewable energies. The results also identified the enormous availability of solar energy potentials in the state as well as the most suitable site for solar energy farms.
Abstract: Solar energy has been identified as the largest renewable resource on earth, and it is more evenly distributed in Sunbelt locations than wind or biomass use. In this paper, geospatial methods were used to examine solar energy potentials in Niger State Northcentral Nigeria. Observed insolation data from Nigeria meteorological station was used over t...
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