Comparison of the Methods of Calculation of Measurements Standardization on the Outdoor Photovoltaic Modules
Fatou Dia,
Oumar Absatou Niasse,
Bassirou Ba,
Cheikh Sene
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
41-47
Received:
27 January 2016
Accepted:
3 February 2016
Published:
17 July 2020
Abstract: To compare the performance of PV modules, it was required to translate the measured I - V characteristics, to use certain standard conditions. The International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) has defined the standard test condition (STC) for PV modules with 1000 W/m2 irradiance with AM 1.5 and 25°C module temperature. The IEC has also published some standard correction procedures (contained in IEC 60891) to translate irradiance and temperature values between different. IEC 60891 defines a procedure which helps to translate the measured I-V characteristics photovoltaic devices at standard test condition (STC). The IEC 60891 translation procedures can be applied only for the 20% variation in the irradiance, the irradiance should not be below 800 W/m2 for translation at STC but also for limit temperatures (35 ° VS). In our study we will use crystal technology and the temperature measurements carried out at the study site show temperatures varying from 55°C to 65°C. Data from tests in the wild has been converted to standard test conditions (STC) using four methods proposed by AJ Anderson and G. Blaesser, the combination method and the equations from international standard IEC 60891. These methods are compared using data from one year and the correlation between the measured data and the standardized data. The results demonstrated that the combination method has good precision in the STC conversion of the performance of the PV module under different climatic and technological conditions. Then, based on the investigation results of the conversion equations, these translation methods are distinguished by the type of solar cell technology and the field of application. There is a difference between in situ and natural tests, attributed to various factors but mainly to the mismatch between the spectral responses of the PV module and the reference solar cell. The combination method uses irradiance data and temperature and performance parameters under STC conditions of PV modules to predict the maximum output power. Therefore, it is essential to provide reliable weather data before designing photovoltaic power systems.
Abstract: To compare the performance of PV modules, it was required to translate the measured I - V characteristics, to use certain standard conditions. The International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) has defined the standard test condition (STC) for PV modules with 1000 W/m2 irradiance with AM 1.5 and 25°C module temperature. The IEC has also published s...
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On the Semi-classical Approach to the Physical Axiomatic of Quantum Mechanics and the New Wave-Particle Interpretation of Light
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
48-54
Received:
19 June 2020
Accepted:
13 July 2020
Published:
28 July 2020
Abstract: A new approach to the physical axiomatic of quantum mechanics is proposed. The basis of this approach is the rejection of the idea of an electron as a point particle. To describe the dynamics of the material substance of the electron, a new AMT (Action-Matter-Transfer) equation based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is proposed. This nonlinear equation simply transforms into the Schrödinger equation which becomes an intermediate step for solving a more general equation that describes the actual mass and charge density of an electron cloud. The dimensionless density of the material substance of the electron is equal to the square of the wave function. The nonlinearity of the AMT-equation make us question the validity of the quantum mechanical principle of superposition. The representation of an electron as a cloud with a distributed density helps to explain the interference effects in the well-known double-slit experiment. It is shown that light emission can occur in full accordance with classical electrodynamics when the material substance of an electron is spatially redistributed. Our approach makes it possible to interpret light as a chain of photons, each of which represents a “particle” of an electromagnetic wave propagating in space. The direction of radiation can be determined by the axis of rotation of the electron cloud due to the presence of the spin which turns the electron into elementary magnet, so the two electron clouds can form in an atom a stable structure of paired electrons in the form of two hemispheres rotating in one direction. In the framework of the quasi-classical concept of photon generation, the processes of reflection of light, its transmission through a transparent medium, and birefringence are discussed as well as Compton effect and laser emission.
Abstract: A new approach to the physical axiomatic of quantum mechanics is proposed. The basis of this approach is the rejection of the idea of an electron as a point particle. To describe the dynamics of the material substance of the electron, a new AMT (Action-Matter-Transfer) equation based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is proposed. This nonlinear equat...
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