Quantization and Structure of Electromagnetic and Gravitational Fields
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
118-123
Received:
14 October 2021
Accepted:
2 November 2021
Published:
10 November 2021
Abstract: Following Relativistic Alpha Field Theory (RAFT) here it is started with the solution of the field parameters α and α′ in the combined electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The field parameters α and α′ are described as the functions of the particle charge, particle mass, electrical potential, gravitational potential, gravitational constant, gravitational mass and speed of the light in vacuum. The mentioned parameters are presented by using identity between the constant ratio of Planck mass and Planck length and between gravitational mass and gravitational length. It is shown that the minimal electrical length is limited by the electric charges or by the electrical particle mass. It is also confirmed that the energy conservation constant is valid both in an electromagnetic central symmetric field as well as in a gravitational field. Further, the numerical quantities of the minimal and maximal radial densities for the spherically symmetric particles are also valid in the central symmetric electromagnetic fields, as well as, in the gravitational fields. The quantization of the combination of the central symmetric electromagnetic and gravitational fields is dominant in the region of the minimal length and twice of that length. Therefore, the quantization is applied to the mentioned region, both in central symmetric electrical fields and in the combination of the central symmetric electrical and gravitational fields. It is determined that the minimal distance between two quantum states should be less than 10-35 m. The related minimal transition time can be obtained by using the transition speed equal to the speed of the light in vacuum. Calculation of the energy uncertainty, the shortest transition time, the generic state, the shortest physically possible time and the time effectively spent by the controlled system or control algorithm are presented systematically. The mentioned parameters are calculated both in the case of central symmetric electrical field, as well as, in the combination of the electrical and gravitational fields.
Abstract: Following Relativistic Alpha Field Theory (RAFT) here it is started with the solution of the field parameters α and α′ in the combined electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The field parameters α and α′ are described as the functions of the particle charge, particle mass, electrical potential, gravitational potential, gravitational constant, gr...
Show More
Thermoelectric and Galvanomagnetic Properties of the Alloy Bi2Te3 + 0.04 Weight% Ni in the Temperature Range 77 ÷ 300 K
Toolanboy Marifjonovich Azimov,
Kizlarhon Isroilovna Gaynazarova,
Maksadjon Karimberdiyvich Onarkulov,
Abror Abduvosidovich Yuldashev
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
124-128
Received:
30 May 2021
Accepted:
12 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: The article introduces Hi input to p -type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric materials under inert gas pressure and presents the results of the study of electrical conductivity, Hall coefficients, thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties in the temperature range 77 ÷ 300K. The study of thermoelectric properties has shown that in order to explain the temperature dependence of the heat transfer parameter and the ratio of thermoelectric power to temperature, it is necessary to take into account the complex structure of the valence zone and the contribution of heavy cavitation in transport. It is shown that in order to explain the temperature dependences of the scattering parameter and the ratio of thermoelectric power to temperature, it is necessary to take into account the complex structure of the valence band and the contribution of heavy holes to transport phenomena. The estimates of the band parameters in the framework of the two-band model give the values of the effective mass of holes on the order of the mass of a free electron and the energy gap between nonequivalent extrema on the order of several hundredths of an eV.
Abstract: The article introduces Hi input to p -type Bi2Te3 thermoelectric materials under inert gas pressure and presents the results of the study of electrical conductivity, Hall coefficients, thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties in the temperature range 77 ÷ 300K. The study of thermoelectric properties has shown that in order to explain the tempe...
Show More
The Use of Piezoelectric Materials for the Purpose of Creating Infrasound and Ultrasound Sources for Terrorist Acts
Daniela Georgiana Golea,
Lucian Ștefan Cozma
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
129-135
Received:
14 June 2021
Accepted:
4 August 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: The contemporary security environment has increasingly unpredictable mutations and the international scene seems to be gripped by a conflict that threatens to erupt at any moment, becoming an open conflict, violent and able to spread quickly everywhere. The technological development of the last decades and the so-called revolution in military affairs have not only produced beneficial consequences for human society, but have also opened the possibility of developing new technologies for the benefit of the terrorist organizations. These include infrasound and ultrasound technology, sources with continuous or pulsed operation, capable of acting in a very discreet regime, being very hard to detect, also capable of causing serious harm to human health and even the death. The fact that such devices have the ability to act completely silently amplifies their dangerousness. Due to the authors’ research, the present paper aims to present a series of relatively simple technologies for making such weapons which can work with acoustic waves in the non-audible regime. The field is interesting and the rapid technological evolution leaves this chapter open to further debates. With the development of piezoelectric technology, we are witnessing the tendency to develop military applications of this technology briefly presented in our paper, especially in the field of mechanical wavelengths from the ultrasonic regime, but also many other applications.
Abstract: The contemporary security environment has increasingly unpredictable mutations and the international scene seems to be gripped by a conflict that threatens to erupt at any moment, becoming an open conflict, violent and able to spread quickly everywhere. The technological development of the last decades and the so-called revolution in military affai...
Show More
